Το Ισραήλ ετοιμάζει πολεμική επιχείρηση στη Γάζα

Η απειλή μιας μεγάλης κλίμακας πολεμικής επιχείρησης, ανάλογης με εκείνη του τρομερού χειμώνα του 2008-2009, πλανάται πάνω από την παλαιστινιακή Λωρίδα της Γάζας. Το ενδεχόμενο αυτό αναγνώρισαν χθες ως ρεαλιστικό εκπρόσωποι της ισραηλινής κυβέρνησης, η οποία έδωσε το «πράσινο φως» για την επιστράτευση 40.000 εφέδρων, ενόψει πιθανής εισβολής χερσαίων δυνάμεων.

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Εκρηξη έπειτα από επιδρομή ισραηλινού αεροπλάνου στην πόλη της Ράφα.

Η χθεσινή ημέρα ήταν η πιο αιματηρή από την τελευταία ένοπλη σύγκρουση μεταξύ του Ισραήλ και της Χαμάς –που κυβερνά την περιοχή– τον Νοέμβριο του 2012. Μέσα σε λίγες ώρες, 15 Παλαιστίνιοι σκοτώθηκαν και άλλοι 100 τραυματίστηκαν από βομβαρδισμούς αεροπλάνων και μονάδων πυροβολικού του Ισραήλ σε διάφορα σημεία της Γάζας. Στο πιο πολύνεκρο επεισόδιο, επτά Παλαιστίνιοι σκοτώθηκαν και 25 τραυματίστηκαν στην πόλη Χαν Γιούνις, όταν πολεμικό αεροσκάφος F-16 ανατίναξε με πύραυλο την κατοικία μιας οικογένειας. Μεταξύ των νεκρών ήταν και δύο παιδιά.

The Inevitability of Foreign Entanglements

The Fourth of July weekend gave me time to consider events in Iraq and Ukraine, U.S.-German relations and the Mexican borderland and immigration. I did so in the context of the founding of the United States, asking myself if America has strayed from the founders' intent with regard to foreign policy. Many people note Thomas Jefferson's warning that the United States should pursue "peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations -- entangling alliances with none," taking that as the defining strategy of the founders. I think it is better to say that was the defining wish of the founders but not one that they practiced to extremes.

As we know, U.S. President Barack Obama has said he wants to decrease U.S. entanglements in the world. Ironically, many on the right want to do the same. There is a common longing for an America that takes advantage of its distance from the rest of the world to avoid excessive involvement in the outside world. Whether Jefferson's wish can constitute a strategy for the United States today is a worthy question for a July 4, but there is a more profound issue: Did his wish ever constitute American strategy?

The eurozone's real interest rate problem

When the UK was considering euro membership, former chancellor Gordon Brown suggested five criteria that needed to be met. The first, and arguably most important, concerned interest rates. Specifically, he said economies of the eurozone needed to be sufficiently compatible to live with common eurozone interest rates on a permanent basis. The recent crisis suggests they were not. The main underlying reason is that real interest rates, that is, the interest rates after adjusting for inflation, can diverge quite drastically in a monetary union – and unfortunately in the wrong direction, thereby amplifying boom and bust cycles. This is especially true in a diverse and decentralised monetary union like the eurozone. Fiscal and regulatory policies need to work aggressively against this phenomenon, to ensure countries grow steadily without protracted booms or slumps. Before the crisis, the eurozone clearly failed on this account. Today it continues to do too little to avoid such harmful divergence, which points to a period of low and uneven growth in the eurozone.