Since the 1980s, India has had the unenviable record of confronting the menace of cross-border terrorism first-hand. Few, however, empathised with India’s traumatic experience, which was brushed aside as a regional India-Pakistan issue. Even the spillover of extremism into Afghanistan via the rise of the Taliban in the 1990s did not substantially alter international attitudes.
In such a context, 9/11 changed everything. Many in India’s strategic community believed that the post-9/11 era would finally yield a shared discourse on terrorism, providing India a strategic advantage in its decade-long struggle. Such was the exuberance that the Vajpayee government even offered Indian military bases as a launch pad for US operations in Afghanistan. For a brief period, the notion of “shared threats” connected India and America, and Afghanistan became the first test case for a new approach.